Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, refers to the legal process by which a government or state executes an individual as a punishment for a crime deemed severe enough to warrant such an extreme response. This typically includes offenses such as murder, treason, or other serious crimes. The methods of execution may vary by jurisdiction and can include hanging, lethal injection, electrocution, and firing squad, among others.
Capital punishment is a controversial and highly debated topic, with arguments often centered on moral, ethical, and practical considerations. Proponents argue that it serves as a deterrent to crime and delivers justice for victims and their families. Opponents raise concerns about the potential for wrongful convictions, the inhumane nature of execution methods, and the unequal application of the death penalty across different demographics.
Globally, the use of capital punishment varies significantly; some countries have abolished it entirely, while others continue to employ it regularly. International human rights organizations frequently advocate against the death penalty, citing concerns over human rights violations. Capital punishment remains a subject of ongoing legal, ethical, and political discussions in many societies.