Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, its materials, processes, and history. It encompasses the examination of rocks, minerals, and landforms, as well as the examination of Earth’s internal structure and the processes that shape its surface, such as erosion, sedimentation, and tectonics. Geologists analyze how these elements interact over time and how they have contributed to the planet’s development. The discipline also investigates the history of life through the study of fossil records and helps in understanding natural hazards, such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, as well as resource management related to water, minerals, and fossil fuels. Geology is essential for understanding the Earth’s past, predicting future changes, and making informed decisions regarding environmental and engineering issues.
A magnitude 4.7 earthquake occurred off the coast near Seixal, Portugal, causing noticeable tremors in Lisbon and nearby areas. The earthquake's epicenter was 14 kilometers west-southwest of Seixal, at a…